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WRITING SYSTEMS

Topic overview

There are two main kinds of writing systems.

·alphabets(字母表)

·pictures

Basic information

·First writing system: 3,000 BCE

(Before Common Era)

·First alphabet system: 2000-1,000 BCE

·Chinese writing system: from 1,000 BCE

Alphabet writing systems

Some writing systems use alphabets. Alphabet writing systems use letters to tell you what sounds to make. Arabic and English both use an alphabet. There are 26 letters in the English alphabet and 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet. The first alphabet started in the Middle East 3,000 years ago. The English and Arabic alphabets both come from this alphabet.

Picture or symbol writing systems

Some writing systems use pictures or symbols to show the meaning of words. Picture writing started 5,000 years ago in the Middle East. Modern Chinese also uses a picture writing system today. Japanese uses some of the symbols from the Chinese picture system. For example, the Chinese word for fish is “yu” and the Japanese word is “sakana”, but both languages write it in the same way. There are thousands of symbols in picture writing systems -you have to learn 4,000 symbols to read Chinese.

Writing systems and change

Languages sometimes change their writing systems. Before 1423, the Korean language used the Chinese picture system. In 1423, the Koreans invented their own alphabet system. Now Korean uses an alphabet system. Turkey also changed its writing system. Before 1928, Turkish used the Arabic alphabet. Today it uses an alphabet like English, but with some extra symbols, like “ş” and “ç”.

Do you use symbols?

Today, in many languages, we use symbols to explain what we mean. For example, many people use symbols likeandwhen they write text messages or emails. These symbols show how we feel. They are called emoticons(表情符号) because they tell people about our emotions.

See also:

Ancient civilizations: Middle East, China

Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean,

Turkish

writing system: the way of writing a language

33. The records show that the ___________ was invented in 3,000 BCE. (答案不超过3个单词)
34. Both the first alphabet and the picture writing started in ___________. (答案不超过3个单词)
35. Some of the Japanese symbols ___________ the Chinese picture system. (答案不超过3个单词)
36. Korean changed its writing systems ___________ years earlier than Turkish. (答案不超过3个单词)
37. Do you like using emoticons such as

and

? Why or why not? (须用完整句子回答。)

【答案】

33. first writing system

34. the Middle East
35. are from/come from
36. 505    37. 本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：Yes, I do. Because emoticons can express my emotions better than words.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍书写系统的相关内容。
【33题详解】
根据“First writing system: 3,000 BCE”可知，最早的文字系统出现于公元前3000年，故填first writing system。
【34题详解】
根据“The first alphabet started in the Middle East 3,000 years ago.”和“Picture writing started 5,000 years ago in the Middle East.”可知，第一个字母表和图画文字都起源于中东，故填the Middle East。
【35题详解】
根据“Japanese uses some of the symbols from the Chinese picture system.”可知，日语使用了一些来自中文文字系统的符号，故填are/come from。
【36题详解】
根据“In 1423, the Koreans invented their own alphabet system. Now Korean uses an alphabet system. Turkey also changed its writing system. Before 1928, Turkish used the Arabic alphabet.”可知，韩国和土耳其改变书写系统的时间分别是1423年和1928年，韩国比土耳其早了505年。故填505。
【37题详解】
本题属于开放性试题，言之有理即可。参考答案：Yes, I do. Because emoticons can express my emotions better than words.